ABSTRACT
Este trabajo examina la relación entre el desarrollo de la pesca comercial marítima y el estudio de la fauna marina en la Argentina de fines del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se analizan las investigaciones ictiológicas, la comercialización de productos marítimos frescos y las oportunidades que ofrecieron los mercados urbanos para la formación de colecciones. También se focaliza en los inicios de la pesca de altura que posibilitaría la captura y estudio de nuevas especies así como la acumulación de información sobre el ambiente marino.
This paper examines the relationship between the development of commercial maritime fishing and the study of marine fauna in Argentina between the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. It analyzes ichthyological research, the commercialization of fresh maritime products and the opportunities that urban markets offered for the creation of collections. It also focuses on the beginnings of deep-sea fishing, which would make it possible to capture and study new species as well as gather information about the marine environment.
Subject(s)
Animals , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Fisheries/history , Marine Biology/history , Argentina , Fishes , Ships/historyABSTRACT
O texto apresenta resultados e aspectos relacionados à prática de campo da bióloga Joséphine Schouteden-Wéry no litoral belga. Tais informações encontram-se em artigo publicado no periódico Recueil de L’Institut Botanique Léo Errera, da Universidade de Bruxelas, em 1911. Schouteden-Wéry dá uma resposta à Real Sociedade de Ciências Naturais e Médicas de Bruxelas sobre os fatores geológicos, climáticos, hidrológicos, entre outros, que regulam a distribuição geográfica das espécies. A bióloga participou de viagens de estudos no Congo, colônia belga no continente africano, e desempenhou papel de destaque atuando junto à L’Union des Femmes Coloniales.
This text presents the findings and other aspects about the fieldwork of biologist Joséphine Schouteden-Wéry on the coast of Belgium. The information is taken from an article published in 1911 in Recueil de L’Institut Botanique Léo Errera, a periodical of the University of Brussels. Schouteden-Wéry replied to the Royal Society for Medical and Natural Sciences of Brussels (Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles de Bruxelles) about the geological, climatic, hydrological and other factors that regulate the geographical distribution of species. She took part in study trips to the Congo, a Belgian colony in Africa, and was a leading member of the Union of Colonial Women (L’Union des Femmes Coloniales).
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Belgium , Marine Biology/historyABSTRACT
John Casper Branner, geólogo norte-americano, desenvolveu uma longa história de investigação no Brasil. Analisa-se, aqui, como ele tratou a geologia do litoral do Nordeste na Branner-Agassiz Expedition (1899) e na Stanford Expedition (1911). As expedições indicam como a geomorfologia das bacias sedimentares, dos recifes de arenito e dos recifes de corais foi caracterizada sob uma perspectiva evolutiva darwinista. Branner integrou o modelo de pesquisa de campo da história natural com as práticas da biologia moderna e da geologia dinâmica, e interpretou a evolução da formação geológica a partir dos fatores físico-químicos. Os estudos zoológicos identificaram o lugar da variação e das adaptações evolutivas das espécies marinhas isoladas como fator auxiliar da seleção natural.
John Casper Branner, a US geologist, had a long history of research in Brazil. The article analyzes his exploration of the geology of the coast of Northeast Brazil during the Branner-Agassiz (1899) and Stanford (1911) expeditions. In the findings from both voyages, Branner characterized the geomorphology of sedimentary basins, sandstone reefs, and coral reefs from a Darwinian evolutionary perspective, blending natural history’s model of field research with the practices of modern biology and dynamic geology. He based his interpretation of the evolution of the geological formation on physical and chemical factors. Zoological studies identified the place of evolutionary variation and adaptations of isolated marine species as an auxiliary factor in natural selection.
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Biological Evolution , Expeditions/history , Marine Biology/history , Brazil , United StatesABSTRACT
Isla del Coco (also known as Cocos Island) is an oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific; it is part of the largest national park of Costa Rica and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The island has been visited since the 16th Century due to its abundance of freshwater and wood. Marine biodiversity studies of the island started in the late 19th Century, with an intense period of research in the 1930’s, and again from the mid 1990’s to the present. The information is scattered and, in some cases, in old publications that are difficult to access. Here I have compiled published records of the marine organisms of the island. At least 1688 species are recorded, with the gastropods (383 species), bony fishes (354 spp.) and crustaceans (at least 263 spp.) being the most species-rich groups; 45 species are endemic to Isla del Coco National Park (2.7% of the total). The number of species per kilometer of coastline and by square kilometer of seabed shallower than 200m deep are the highest recorded in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Although the marine biodiversity of Isla del Coco is relatively well known, there are regions that need more exploration, for example, the south side, the pelagic environments, and deeper waters. Also, several groups of organisms, such as the flatworms, nematodes, nemerteans, and gelatinous zooplankton, have been observed around the Island but have been poorly studied or not at all.
La Isla del Coco es una isla oceánica en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental; es parte del Parque Nacional más grande de Costa Rica y es un sitio de Patrimonio Mundial. La isla ha sido visitada desde el Siglo XVI por su abundancia de agua dulce y árboles. Estudios de biodiversidad marina de la isla empezaron a finales del Siglo XIX, con un intenso período de investigación en la década de 1930, y de nuevo desde mediados de la década de 1990 al presente. La información sobre organismos marinos se encuentra dispersa y en algunos casos en publicaciones antiguas. En el presente trabajo se recopilan todos los registros publicados de organismos marinos de la isla. Al menos 1688 especies han sido registradas, con los gasterópodos (383 especies), peces óseos (354 spp.) y crustáceos (al menos 263 spp.) como los grupos con más especies; de esas, 45 son especies endémicas del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco (2.7% del total). El número de especies por kilómetro de costa y por kilómetro cuadrado de lecho marino de menos de 200m de profundidad son los más altos de cualquier sitio estudiado. Aunque se conoce relativamente bien la biodiversidad marina de la Isla del Coco, hay regiones, por ejemplo, el lado sur, los ambientes pelágicos, y las zonas más profundas que requieren de más exploración. También, varios grupos de organismos han sido observados en la isla pero muy poco estudiados o no del todo, por ejemplo los gusanos planos, nemátodos y el plancton gelatinosos.
Subject(s)
Benthic Fauna/history , Benthic Flora/history , Biodiversity , Biota , Marine Biology/history , Costa RicaABSTRACT
History of development of marine science at the Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. La Escuela de Biología (School of Biology) of the Universidad de Costa Rica has contributed significantly to the advancement of marine sciences in Costa Rica. It has done this through the education of students, and together with the Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limonología (Marine Sciences and Limnology Research Center) (CIMAR) with the generation of knowlegde on marine organisms, ecosystems and processes in Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (Suppl. 1): 15-18. Epub 2009 November 30.
La Escuela de Biología de la Universidad de Costa Rica ha contribuido significativamente al avance de las ciencias del mar en Costa Rica. Esto lo ha logrado mediante la formación de recursos humanos y, conjuntamente con el Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), mediante la generación de información científica sobre los organismos, ambientes y procesos marinos en el país.